Samurai Gourami aka "Vaillant's Chocolate Gourami" (Sphaerichthys vaillanti)

The Chocolate Gourami is a rare and elegant freshwater species known for its rich coloration, peaceful demeanor, and graceful swimming. This tank-bred variety stands out for its hardiness and adaptability, making it an excellent addition to calm, well-planted community aquariums.

Overview

• Scientific Name: Sphaerichthys vaillanti

• Common Name: Chocolate Gourami

• Origin: Tank-bred; native form originates from the slow-moving, tannin-rich waters of Southeast Asia

• Adult Size: 6–7.5 cm (2.5–3 inches)

• Minimum Tank Size: 20 gallons

• Temperament: Peaceful; best kept in pairs or small groups

• Tank Level Preference: Mid to lower water column

Appearance

This Chocolate Gourami features a deep chocolate-brown body with subtle, iridescent highlights and delicate patterning. Under soft lighting, its coloration comes to life, creating a striking focal point in planted aquariums.

Why Choose the Chocolate Gourami?

• Elegant Colouration: Rich tones with metallic accents

• Peaceful Nature: Ideal for well-mannered community setups

• Tank-Bred: Adaptable to aquarium conditions and more resilient than wild-caught varieties

• Graceful Swimmer: Adds calm, flowing movement to any aquascape

Aquarium Setup

Chocolate Gouramis thrive in heavily planted environments with soft lighting and a gentle current. Use a combination of:

• Plants: Java Fern, Anubias, Cryptocoryne, and Amazon Sword

• Substrate: Dark sand or fine gravel to enhance contrast

• Decor: Incorporate driftwood, leaf litter, and botanicals to simulate their natural environment and reduce stress

Botanicals

Incorporating Indian Almond Leaves, Catappa Bark, and Alder Cones helps create slightly acidic, tannin-rich water conditions that closely resemble their native habitat. These elements support natural behaviour and fish health.

Water Parameters

• Temperature: 24–28°C (75–82°F)

• pH: 6.5–7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral preferred)

• Hardness: 0–4 dKH (soft water ideal)

• Filtration: Gentle flow and stable conditions are essential

Tank Compatibility

• Community-Friendly: Peaceful and compatible with other gentle species

• Shrimp Compatibility: Can live alongside larger peaceful shrimp, though small shrimp may be at risk. Provide ample hiding spots to minimise interaction.

Diet

Chocolate Gouramis are omnivorous and thrive on a varied diet. Recommended foods include:

• High-quality flakes and micro pellets

• Frozen or live foods: bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp

• Occasional blanched vegetables for variety

Feeding a diverse diet helps maintain their vibrant colours and overall vitality.

Breeding

Although Chocolate Gouramis have been bred in controlled environments, breeding is rare in typical home aquariums. They are mouthbrooders, and successful reproduction requires soft, acidic water and a stress-free environment.